大跨时空任务背景下的太阳能无人机任务规划技术研究进展

通过任务规划技术合理的优化太阳能无人机的飞行轨迹和动力学参数，能够有效提高太阳能无人机的能量利用率，使其胜任许多大范围跨时间跨空间飞行任务。从能量建模、续航评估和能量管理策略3个方面对大跨时空任务背景下太阳能无人机任务规划技术的研究进展进行了综述。在能量建模方面，介绍了当前主流的太阳辐射模型和能量生产基本框架；在续航评估方面，分析了目前的指标设计和应用方法；在能量管理策略方面，从能量综合应用、风力滑翔机制、轨迹优化方法和面向特定任务的应用4个角度，梳理了当前的研究现状。最后，对该领域未来可能的研究方向进行了展望。     

Early analysis of precise orbit and clock offset determination for the satellites of the global BeiDou-3 system

Eight new-generation BeiDou satellites (BeiDou-3) have been launched into Medium Earth Orbit (MEO), allowing for global coverage since March 2018, and they are equipped with new hydrogen atomic clocks and updated rubidium clocks. Firstly, we analyzed the signals for the carrier-to-noise-density ratio (C/N0) and pseudorange multipath (MP) by using international GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) Monitoring and Assessment System (iGMAS) station data, and found that B1C has a lower C/N0, and B2a has the same level of C/N0 as the B1I and B3I signals. For pseudorange multipath, compared with the BeiDou-2 satellites, the obvious systematic variation of MP scatters related to the elevation angle is greatly improved for the BeiDou-3 and BeiDou-3e satellites signals. For the signals of the BeiDou-3 satellites, the order of the Root Mean Square (RMS) values of multipath and noise is B3I?<?B1I?<?B2a?<?B1C. Then, the comparison of the precise orbit determination and clock offset determination for the BeiDou-2, BeiDou-3, and BeiDou-3 experimental (BeiDou-3e) satellites was done by using 10 stations from iGMAS. The 3D precision of the 24?h orbit overlap is 24.55, 25.61, and 23.35?cm for the BeiDou-3, BeiDou-3e, and BeiDou-2 satellites, respectively. BeiDou-3 satellite has a comparable precision to that of the BeiDou-2 satellite. For the precision of clock offset estimation, the Standard Deviation (STD) of the BeiDou-3 MEO satellite is 0.350?ns, which is an improvement of 0.042?ns over that of the BeiDou-2 MEO satellite. The stabilities of the BeiDou-3 and BeiDou-3e onboard clocks are better than those of BeiDou-2 by factors of 2.84 and 1.61 at an averaging time of 1000 and 10,000?s, respectively.     

多航天器协同探测效能影响参数不确定性分析

为解决传统基于蒙特卡洛仿真的探测效能不确定性分析评价方法中时间效率低，参数关系映射单一的问题，提出一种基于神经网络的不确定性分析方法，利用人工神经网络在拟合回归分析上的非线性特性，设计了能够替代复杂系统的神经网络结构，能够通过少量仿真计算结果作为训练样本实现模型的收敛并能有效反映被替代系统的原有特性。选择以一个多航天器的天文观测任务作为典型用例，建立了仿真分析模型，并与蒙特卡洛仿真方法结果进行了对比，验证了此方法的准确性和计算效率。     

Contingency target assessment,trajectory design,and analysis for NASA’s NEA scout solar sail mission

The presented study examines contingency target selection and trajectory design for NASA’s Near-Earth Asteroid Scout mission under the assumption of a missed lunar gravity assist. Two previously considered asteroids are selected as potential targets for the given scenario based on favorable orbital characteristics for launch dates ranging from June 27, 2020 through July 26, 2020. Initially, a simplified circular restricted 3-body problem + ideal solar sail model is utilized to survey trajectory options for a month-long launch window. Selected solutions from this data set are then converged in an N-body ephemeris + non-ideal sail model. Results suggest that NEA Scout can still perform asteroid rendezvous mission under the missed lunar gravity assist scenario with new targets, 2019 GF1, 2018 PK21, and 2007 UN12, based on the target launch dates. Further target assessment is carried out for 165 days beyond the current June 27, 2020 launch date.     

超低轨道卫星应用离子电推进技术方案

低地球轨道大气环境对诸如科学探测和对地观测卫星的阻尼作用十分明显，而且阻尼随太阳和地磁活动以及昼夜、季节交替变化范围宽。为了保证卫星轨道精度或飞行状态满足任务要求，需要利用推进系统对卫星受到的阻尼进行实时或间歇式补偿以实现轨道或飞行状态的保持。针对轨道高度220~268km的无拖曳飞行和轨道维持应用，基于卫星轨道阻尼变化和有效载荷指标要求分析，研究确定了离子电推进技术指标、推力调节方案、系统组成、推力控制方案和在轨应用策略，并对推力调节方案进行了试验验证。结果表明，与无拖曳飞行卫星任务匹配的离子电推进指标为推力调节范围1~20mN，推力分辨率优于12μN，与对地观测卫星轨道维持任务匹配的指标为推力调节范围1～25mN，推力分辨率100μN。研究提出的针对超低轨道卫星应用需求的高精度推力连续调节离子电推进技术方案，具有工程任务针对性和参考价值。     

Orbit determination and prediction of GEO satellite of BeiDou during repositioning maneuver

In order to establish a continuous GEO satellite orbit during repositioning maneuvers, a suitable maneuver force model has been established associated with an optimal orbit determination method and strategy. A continuous increasing acceleration is established by constructing a constant force that is equivalent to the pulse force, with the mass of the satellite decreasing throughout maneuver. This acceleration can be added to other accelerations, such as solar radiation, to obtain the continuous acceleration of the satellite. The orbit determination method and strategy are illuminated, with subsequent assessment of the orbit being determined and predicted accordingly. The orbit of the GEO satellite during repositioning maneuver can be determined and predicted by using C-Band pseudo-range observations of the BeiDou GEO satellite with COSPAR ID 2010-001A in 2011 and 2012. The results indicate that observations before maneuver do affect orbit determination and prediction, and should therefore be selected appropriately. A more precise orbit and prediction can be obtained compared to common short arc methods when observations starting 1 day prior the maneuver and 2 h after the maneuver are adopted in POD (Precise Orbit Determination). The achieved URE (User Range Error) under non-consideration of satellite clock errors is better than 2 m within the first 2 h after maneuver, and less than 3 m for further 2 h of orbit prediction.     

基于任务科目的直升机飞行品质评定试飞技术研究

主要对ADS-33E中飞行品质评定的要求进行分析,从任务科目、响应类型和可用感示环境3个维度进行飞行品质的等级评定研究,提出了直升机飞行品质综合评定的试飞技术研究思路,并对某型号直升机的试飞结果和有关问题进行了初步分析。     

基于连续同伦算法的天基仅测角初定轨方法

要进一步提高天基短弧初定轨的精度,在观测资料精度较高的情况下,仅考虑二体问题是不够的,还应考虑轨道摄动的影响。因此,基于无摄初轨的单位矢量法原理和矢量斜分解方法,给出了考虑摄动的天基仅测角初定轨单位矢量法。针对天基仅测角观测条件方程组求解过程中易出现迭代不收敛或收敛到平凡解的问题,引入连续同伦算法求解观测条件方程组,提出了单星观测方式下的空间目标天基仅测角初定轨方法,并通过数值仿真算例验证了该算法在较大范围的收敛性和数值稳定性。     

基于粒子群算法的极短弧定轨

针对经典的初轨计算方法在极短弧定轨中不适用的情况,建立了一种基于粒子群算法的极短弧(TooShort-Arc,TSA)定轨的计算方法。该方法将问题转化为两个三变量的分层优化问题,采用(a,e,M)作为优选变量,在保持问题维数较低的同时,实现了计算结果和观测资料的解耦。由于实测资料处理中的野值剔除方法不适用于粒子群算法,所以,采用稳健估计法,通过在适值函数中使用最小中值二乘准则,实现了稳健的极短弧计算方法。同时,应用MATLAB计算软件,选用缺省参数实现该算法,以进行数据验证。基于实测数据的数值验证表明,方法对于近圆轨道目标30s以下的弧段仍可以获得有效的结果,10s弧段误差仅为16km。此精度满足后续处理的需要,且方法稳健,具有很高的崩溃点。     

锚固站数量及布局对导航星座自主定轨影响分析

针对导航星座自主定轨中的星座整体旋转问题,采用增设少量地面锚固站的方法可有效解决该问题。通过推导星地距离对卫星轨道升交点赤经的偏导数,证明了星地距离对卫星轨道升交点赤经可观。仅考虑在我国大陆范围内布设锚固站的条件下,仿真分析了锚固站数量以及布局对导航星座自主定轨精度的影响。仿真实验结果表明:采用3个以上的锚固站,即可有效控制星座整体旋转,在14d的仿真时段内卫星自主定轨精度保持4m以内;锚固站数量越多,自主定轨精度越高,但随着锚固站数量的增加,自主定轨精度改善程度越来越小;在保持4个锚固站的情形下,采用不同的锚固站布局方案,自主定轨精度并无明显差别。